The two biggest sources of home-mortgage money in the country — investors Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — are quietly working on ways to make qualifying for a home purchase easier for participants in the booming “gig” economy.
The gig economy refers to hundreds of income-earning activities that allow workers to set their own hours, work for as long or as little as they choose, and function as independent contractors or freelancers as opposed to salaried employees. Prominent examples include people who work as drivers for Uber or Lyft, assemble IKEA furniture for TaskRabbit or offer rooms in their homes on Airbnb.
Estimates vary, but anywhere from just under 20 percent to 30 percent or more of the U.S. workforce participates in some way in the gig economy. Last year, Intuit, which owns TurboTax, estimated that 34 percent of the workforce earned money in gig pursuits and projected that this could rise to 43 percent by 2020.
But when it comes to buying a home, the challenge for these workers is to make their gig-sourced earnings count as income for mortgage-qualification purposes. Lenders typically look for stable and continuing income streams — two years of documented income plus reasonable prospects that those earnings will continue for another several years. Lenders also routinely obtain tax-return transcripts from the IRS to confirm an applicant’s self-reported income.
By its very nature, gig income often doesn’t fit neatly into these boxes. It can be sporadic and variable, depending on how much time an individual is able to devote to the work. Gig earnings can be substantial — thousands of dollars a month — but if that money can’t qualify as “income” under existing mortgage-industry guidelines, it may not help in buying a home with a standard mortgage.
“We’re seeing gig income becoming more and more prevalent, especially among the younger demographic — first time buyers who have embraced things like Uber and Airbnb as a means to make money,” John Meussner, executive loan officer for Mason-McDuffie Mortgage Corp. in San Ramon, California, told me.
Yet those earnings may not qualify under current rules for conventional mortgages.
Enter Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie recently surveyed 3,000 lending executives and found that gig income on applications is increasingly common, but 95 percent said it’s difficult under current guidelines to use these earnings to approve borrowers’ applications. Two out of every three lenders said better treatment of this income would either “significantly” or “somewhat” improve “access to credit” for many buyers.
Fannie and Freddie are now actively pursuing projects that would do just that. The tricky part for both companies: Whatever solutions they develop must still produce high-quality loans with low risks of default at the end of the process, and ideally must be automatable — that is, borrower information could be entered into Fannie’s and Freddie’s electronic underwriting systems at the application stage.
Freddie’s efforts come under its “borrower of the future” initiative. Terri Merlino, vice president and chief credit officer for single-family business, told me the company is studying automated solutions “outside the box” to validate income from different sources for self-employed and gig-economy earners. Neither Freddie nor Fannie was able to discuss details on what they’re considering, but Freddie confirmed its partnership with high-tech software company LoanBeam, which provides automated verifications of multiple income streams of self-employed and other borrowers.
Meussner hopes that Fannie and Freddie take a more realistic perspective on gig earnings. “If someone is pulling income from Uber for only six months” — which won’t qualify under the two-years standard — “they may have been doing similar things for years beforehand” for a different company. “That should be [the] primary focus rather than the exact employer and position that generated the income.” After all, Meussner said, “if someone can make similar income over the course of years doing various things in various places [in the gig economy], it could be argued they’re more dependable than someone with a long history with a salaried position in a field that is being disrupted by tech, in which case the loss of a job would be devastating financially.”
You can bet Fannie and Freddie are listening to recommendations like this.
Bottom line: If you make money in the gig economy, be aware that your earnings may not be “income” for conventional mortgage purposes. But sometime soon, if pilot programs and research now underway at Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae are successful, they just might.